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A severe cyclonic storm in the Bay of Bengal made landfall in western Myanmar on Sunday, bringing a dangerous storm surge, thrashing winds and heavy rains to parts of that country and neighboring Bangladesh, where some of the world’s most vulnerable communities live.

For days, authorities and aid groups prepared for the arrival of Cyclone Mocha, one of the strongest storms to strike the region in years. It made landfall as a strong Category 4 storm after peaking early Sunday as a Category 5 — the highest on the scale — with <a href="https://twitter.com/bhensonweather/status/1657630233166761985" target=_blank>sustained winds of 175 mph</a> and gusts as high as 200 mph.

Videos posted on social media showed floodwaters <a href="https://twitter.com/StormHQwx/status/1657661037636624385" target=_blank>gushing through Sittwe</a> in northern Myanmar, as well as powerful gusts ripping foliage off trees and <a href="https://twitter.com/adnan_shah/status/1657652132789592065" target=_blank>toppling a communication tower</a>. The United Nations warned that 2 million people in Myanmar were at risk because of the wind, rain and potential flooding. And in Bangladesh, close to 1 million refugees living in the <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/rohingya-refugees-myanmar-cox-bazar/" target=_blank>Cox’s Bazar district </a>along the coast were particularly vulnerable, the U.N. migration agency said.

“These communities are likely to face the brunt of the cyclone,” Abdusattor Esoev, the International Organization for Migration’s mission chief in Bangladesh, said Sunday. The majority of the refugees living in the area are ethnic Rohingya who fled a violent campaign of ethnic cleansing by the Myanmar military in 2017.

But even amid early reports of some damage and deaths because of the storm — Myanmar said Sunday that five people were killed — there were also signs that the region may have been spared some of the worst devastation predicted by aid agencies and meteorologists.

On Sunday, India’s Meteorological Department said the system was “weakening” and would transform from an “extremely severe cyclonic storm” to a “very severe cyclonic storm” in the afternoon. And AKM Nazmul Haque of the Bangladesh Meteorological Department said the cyclone had mostly crossed the Bangladesh coast by 6 p.m. local time.

“The level of risk has reduced to a great extent in our Bangladesh,” Azizur Rahman, director of the Bangladesh Meteorological Department in Dhaka, told reporters, <a href="https://apnews.com/article/cyclone-mocha-bangladesh-myanmar-06512b0f496bf85c926f12925ab1ba7e" target=_blank>according to the Associated Press</a>.

Mozibur Rahman, a local official from St. Martin’s Island in Bangladesh, said the storm caused damage to some houses.

“Between 1,000 and 1,200 houses have been damaged here. The roof of many eco-cottages had their roofs blown off and most trees had fallen,” he said.

Obtained By Reuters

Still, with peak winds of 175 mph, or 150 knots, Mocha ranks as one of the <a href="https://twitter.com/MikeAdcockWx/status/1657597891274330112" target=_blank>strongest cyclones in the Bay of Bengal</a> during the satellite era (since 1982), and probably one of the strongest on record in the region. Experts say climate change is probably <a href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-environment/2022/09/29/ian-hurricane-rapid-intensification-climate/" target=_blank>making tropical cyclones more intense</a> globally.

Historically, storms like this have ended up killing hundreds to thousands or more people. Cyclone Nargis, which struck Myanmar in 2008, killed nearly 85,000 people and displaced many more.

As part of the preparations, Bangladesh and Myanmar evacuated hundreds of thousands of people, officials said. Some 6 million people were already in need of humanitarian assistance in the four areas of Myanmar expected to be most affected by the storm.

The World Food Program said in a statement that it has prepared food supplies to cover the needs of more than 400,000 people in Myanmar’s Rakhine state and neighboring areas for a month.

The affected areas are “burdened by conflict, poverty, and weak community resilience,” said Sheela Matthew, WFP’s deputy director for Myanmar.

“They simply cannot afford another disaster,” she said.

Rohingya refugees brave perilous seas to escape camp desperation

<i>Azad Majumder in Dhaka, Bangladesh, Mohammad Faruque in Teknaf, Bangladesh, and</i> <i>Cape Diamond in Yangon, Myanmar, contributed to this report.</i>

SAJA Daniel Pearl Award 2022 (India under Surveillance)

SAJA Award for Business Reporting 2022 (Facebook under Fire)

Member of the team to win the George Polk Award for Technology Reporting 2021 (The Pegasus Project)

Honorable mention, SABEW Award 2021 (Facebook Papers)

New York Society for Professional Journalists Award, 2016

Radio Digital Television Network Foundation Fellow, 2016

Inlaks Shivdasani Foundation Scholar, 2015

Honorable mention, World Media Summit Global Awards, 2014

Toto Funds the Arts Award, 2013

Delhi University, BA in English

Columbia Graduate School of Journalism, MA in Journalism

Niha Masih is a reporter at The Washington Post's Seoul hub, where she covers breaking news in the United States and across the world. Previously, she was The Post's correspondent in India, where she covered the rise of majoritarian nationalism, conflict in Kashmir, the covid crisis and digital surveillance of citizens.

Niha Masih

Forbes 30 Under 30, Media & Marketing Europe, 2020

Gracie Awards, Original Online News Programming, 2020

MHP 30 To Watch: Young Journalist Award, 2019

Georgetown University, Bachelor of Science in Foreign Service

Annabelle Timsit is a breaking news reporter for The Washington Post's London hub, covering news as it unfolds in the United States and around the world during the early morning hours in Washington.

Annabelle Timsit

Ian Livingston is a forecaster/photographer and information lead for the Capital Weather Gang. By day, Ian is a defense and national security researcher at a D.C. think tank.